History:

Named after Julius Caesar, a Roman General, who used it with a shift of three
(A becoming D when encrypting, and D becoming A when decrypting)
to protect messages of military significance.

How does it work?

Each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter at some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.
For example, with a left shift of 3, D is replaced by A, E become B, and so on.

History:

Atbash cipher was invented by the Essenes who were a rebel Jewish ascetic sect. They developed a
variety of codes and ciphers to conceal important names and titles to avoid prosecution.
Knowledge of codes and ciphers were then transferred to the Gnostics.

How does it work?

Atbash encryption uses a substitution alphabet and its reciprocal, a combination of the normal alphabet and its reverse
reverse alphabet (mirrored).Atbash encryption consists in replacing letters from the first with letters from the other one,
which is equivalent to replacing the first letter of the alphabet A with the last one Z, the second one B with the penultimate Y etc.

History:

A1Z26 cipher is Commonly used with Atbash Cipher, its origins and first usage are unknown.

How does it work?

A1Z26 is a simple direct substitution cipher, where its number in the alphabet replaces each alphabet letter.
All letters are set to lowercase, the English alphabet is used, and all non-alphabet symbols are not transformed.
In decoding, all numbers (from 1 to 26) are separated by any non-digit symbol (dash, space).

History:

Hash Function is Commonly used with Atbash Cipher, its origins and first usage are unknown.

How does it work?

A cryptographic hash function is an algorithm that takes an arbitrary amount of data input—a credential,
and produces a fixed-size output of enciphered text called a hash value, or just “hash.” That enciphered text
can then be stored instead of the password itself, and later used to verify the user.